Innovation system differences: impact of hiring patterns

• U.S.

• Hire for specific skills, knowledge

  • Industry hires Ph.D.s
  • Relative career mobility

• Competition between grads

  • Work experience a plus

• Evaluate offer on conditions, value in next job search

• Japan

• Researchers: lifetime employment track

  • Industry hires MS-level
  • On-the-job learning

• University brand is the biggest plus

  • Faculty advisor efforts

• Evaluate by the social value of big companies

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